RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. Methods: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. Results: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. Conclusion: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar los factores sociodemográficos, de salud y red de apoyo social del adulto mayor asociado a la fragilidad en las evaluaciones realizadas entre 2007/2008 y 2018. Método: Estudio longitudinal con adultos mayores con ≥65 años que viven en la comunidad. Se utilizaron los instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Examen del Estado Mental, Medida de Independencia Funcional, Escala de Lawton y Brody, Escala de Depresión Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relaciones del Anciano e Escala de Fragilidad de Edmonton. Se utilizó el análisis descriptivo y regresión linear, todos los tests con p < 0,05. Resultados: Entre los 189 adultos mayores en el período de la investigación (2007/2008-2018), la mayoría tenía 80 años o más, con edad promedia de 82,31 años; sexo femenino, sin pareja, vivían con otros familiares y eran jubilados. En el análisis final sin considerar la edad y el sexo, se averiguó la disminución de la independencia funcional, aumento de los síntomas depresivos, del número de enfermedades auto referidas y aumento en el score de fragilidad. Conclusión: Los factores que se asociaron al aumento de la fragilidad del adulto mayor en el tiempo de investigación fueron la edad, el sexo femenino y sin pareja. El equipo de salud, que incluye a enfermería, debe tener atención a los cambios y elaborar planes de cuidados para prevenir o evitar su progresión.
RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os fatores sociodemográficos, de saúde e rede de apoio social do idoso associados à fragilidade nas avaliações realizadas entre 2007/2008 e 2018. Método: Estudo longitudinal com idosos de idade ≥65 anos que vivem na comunidade. Foram utilizados os instrumentos de Perfil demográfico, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Medida de Independência Funcional, Escala de Lawton e Brody, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica, Mapa Mínimo de Relações do Idoso e Escala de Fragilidade de Edmonton. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva e regressão linear, todos os testes com p < 0,05. Resultados: Dos 189 idosos no período do estudo (2007/2008-2018), a maioria tinha 80 anos e mais, com média de 82,31 anos; sexo feminino, sem companheiro, moravam com outros familiares e eram aposentados. Na análise final, independentemente da idade e do sexo, verificou-se diminuição da independência funcional, aumento dos sintomas depressivos, do número de doenças autorreferidas e aumento no escore da fragilidade. Conclusão: Os fatores que se associaram ao aumento da fragilidade do idoso no tempo de estudo foram idade, sexo feminino e sem companheiro. A equipe de saúde, que inclui a enfermagem, deve estar atenta às mudanças e elaborar planos de cuidados para prevenir ou evitar a sua progressão.
Assuntos
Idoso , Enfermagem Geriátrica , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Longitudinais , Idoso FragilizadoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the sociodemographic and health factors and the social support network of the elderly associated with frailty in the assessments carried out between 2007/2008 and 2018. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study with elderly people aged ≥65 years living in the community. The instruments used were those for Demographic Profile, the Mini Mental State Examination, the Functional Independence Measure, Lawton and Brody Scale, Geriatric Depression Scale, Minimum Relationship Map for the Elderly, and Edmonton Frail Scale. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were used, all tests with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of the 189 elderly in the study period (2007/2008-2018), most were 80 years old and over, with an average of 82.31 years old; they were women, with no partner, who lived with other family members and were retired. In the final analysis, regardless of age and sex, a decrease in functional independence, an increase in depressive symptoms, an increase in the number of self-reported illnesses, and an increase in the frailty score were observed. CONCLUSION: The factors that were associated with the increase in frailty of the elderly during the study period were age, female sex, and no partner. The health team, which includes nurses, shall be aware of changes and develop care plans to prevent or avoid their progression.
